Complete tutorial on installing and setting up Kali Linux

Complete tutorial on installing and setting up Kali Linux

The Kali Linux operating system is one of the most powerful tools for penetration testing and cybersecurity used by experts in this field. In this article, we will explain how to install and set up Kali Linux step by step.

1. Prerequisites

1.1. System Requirements

Before installing Kali Linux, make sure your system has the following minimum specifications:

• Processor: Dual-core with 64-bit support
• RAM: At least 2 GB (recommended: 4 GB or more)
• Disk space: At least 20 GB (recommended: 50 GB or more)
• Internet to receive update packages

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1.2. Download the ISO image

1. Visit the official Kali Linux website (www.kali.org).
2. Download the appropriate version (64-bit or ARM) based on your needs.
3. To ensure the integrity of the file, check the SHA256 hash of the downloaded file.

2. Installing Kali Linux

2.1. Preparing to boot from USB/DVD

To install Kali Linux, you first need to transfer the ISO file to a bootable USB or DVD:

1. Use tools like Rufus (for Windows) or Balena Etcher (for Mac and Linux).
2. Select the ISO file and specify the USB device.
3. Start the bootable USB creation process.

2.2. Booting from USB/DVD

1. Turn on your system and enter BIOS/UEFI settings (usually by pressing keys like F2, F12, or DEL).
2. Change the boot order to set USB or DVD as the first priority.
3. Save the changes and restart the system.

2.3. Installation Process

1. After booting, the Kali Linux welcome screen will be displayed. Select "Graphical Install" or "Install" option.
2. Select language and time zone.
3. In the Network Configuration section, enter the hostname and domain.
4. Set a strong password for the root user.

2.4. Partitioning

• Recommended option: "Guided - Use entire disk" for novice users.
• Advanced users can use "Manual Partitioning" for custom settings.

2.5. Install Tools

After partitioning, the main files are copied and the default tools are installed. At this point, wait for the process to complete.

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2.6. Installing the bootloader (GRUB)

1. Select the "Yes" option to install GRUB.
2. Specify the device on which the bootloader should be installed (usually the main disk).

3. Post-Installation Configuration

After installing Kali Linux, do some initial configuration:

3.1. System Update

1. Open a terminal.

2. Run the following commands to update:

   sudo apt update
   sudo apt upgrade -y
   

3.2. Installing additional tools

To install additional tools that are not installed by default, you can use Kali metapackages:

sudo apt install kali-linux-everything

3.3. Network settings

• If you are using Wi-Fi, make sure that the appropriate drivers are installed.
• Use the "Network Manager" tool to manage network connections.

4. Practical examples

4.1. Network Scanning with Nmap

1. To identify devices on the network:

   nmap -sP 192.168.1.0/24
   

4.2. Penetration Testing with Metasploit

1. Run Metasploit:

   msfconsole
   

2. Choose and configure an exploit.

5. Security Tips

• Never log in permanently as root; create a regular user instead.
• Ensure your system and tools are constantly updated
• When using penetration testing tools, follow the rules and professional ethics.

Conclusion

Kali Linux is a powerful tool for cybersecurity professionals, but using it effectively requires knowledge and experience. By following this guide, you can install and set up Kali Linux and take the first steps on the path to learning cybersecurity.